Solar Cells and Solar Power System PV Kits-III
Advanced Solutions for Renewable Energy - Solar Power Cells
We explore the latest advancements in solar cells and photovoltaic (PV) system kits, focusing on their significance in promoting renewable energy solutions.
Solar Battery Cells
Batteries, cells, solar cells, solar cells, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic cells are semiconductor devices that convert solar energy into electricity by utilizing the principle of the "photovoltaic effect".
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
The production of solar cells is mainly based on semiconductor materials, the principle of operation is to use photovoltaic materials to absorb light energy after the photoelectric conversion reaction, according to the different materials used, divided into monocrystalline solar cells and polycrystalline solar cells.
Monocrystalline Solar Cells
Established on the basis of high-quality monocrystalline silicon materials and processing techniques, generally using surface texturing, passivation of the emissive region, zonal doping and other technology development of a solar cell.
Polycrystalline solar cells
The use of solar-grade polycrystalline silicon materials, manufacturing processes similar to monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the current photoelectric conversion efficiency and production costs are slightly lower than monocrystalline solar cells.
Cell conversion efficiency
The ratio of the optimal output power of a solar cell to the power of solar radiation projected onto its surface.
SE Technology
Selective Emitter Technology, Selective Emitter Technology, a technology to improve cell efficiency. The conductive properties of the cell are affected by high doping in the electrode contact region and low doping in the light absorption region. The cell is divided into heavy and light spreading regions, the heavy spreading region is used for contact with metal electrodes, and the light spreading region reduces the surface compounding rate by increasing the square resistance.
Passivation contact technology
An ultra-thin tunnelable oxide layer and a thin layer of highly doped polysilicon are prepared on the backside of the cell, which together form a passivation contact structure, providing good surface passivation on the backside of the wafer, thus realizing backside passivation on the whole surface and no need for open hole contact, which can significantly improve the conversion efficiency of N-type cells, and it is an important direction for the development of N-type cells.
MWT
Metal Wrap Through (MWT) is a high-efficiency solar cell applied to crystalline silicon. A high-efficiency solar cell technology applied to crystalline silicon.
PVD
Physical Vapor Deposition.
CVD
Chemical Vapor Deposition
LPCVD
Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
Photovoltaic Screen Printing
A method in the process of making solar cells, for example, to make the paste (silver paste, aluminum paste, etc.) through the squeegee pressure through the screen film of the grid pattern has been made to form the upper and lower electrodes on the diffused silicon wafers, and then to make the organic solvent in the paste evaporate after heating to form the electrodes of the solar cells.
EL Test
Used to detect defects, hidden cracks, fragments, soldering, broken grids, and abnormalities of single cell with different conversion efficiencies in solar cell modules.
PL Test
Cell PL testing is a non-destructive testing method using photoluminescence, which differs from EL in that it is non-contact and avoids damage to the cell, allows for simpler automation and integration, eliminates the need for complex positioning of the cell, and has a smaller footprint.
PECVD
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition), the method is with the help of microwave or radio frequency, etc. to make the gas containing thin film composition of atoms ionization, the formation of a local plasma, plasma chemical activity is very strong, in the substrate deposition of the desired thin film, so as to form the dielectric layer, containing P or N-type dopant thin layer, and then form a thin layer of P or N-type dopant, and then form a thin layer of P or N-type dopant. PECVD is divided into tubular PECVD, plate (linear process) PECVD and cluster PECVD according to the different realization methods.
Tubular PECVD loading and unloading machine
It is an automated equipment used for loading and unloading in the coating process section. Its main function is to automatically transfer the wafers in the flower basket to the graphite boat, transfer them to the tube-type PECVD production process equipment, and then load and unload the wafers in the graphite boat to the flower basket and output them automatically after completion.
Plate-type PECVD loading and unloading machine
It is used for the automation equipment of loading and unloading in the coating process section, the main function is to transfer the wafers in the flower basket to the graphite frame automatically, transfer to the plate PECVD production process equipment, and then load and unload the wafers in the graphite frame to the flower basket automatically and output after completion.
Diffusion automated loading and unloading machine
Used in the diffusion process section of the loading and unloading of automated equipment, the main role is to automatically transfer the wafers in the flower basket to the quartz boat, calibrated and positioned automatically sent to the diffusion furnace for junction, junction is completed, the wafers in the quartz boat will be automatically transferred to the flower basket and output.
Etching loading and unloading machine
Used in the etching process section of the loading and unloading of automated equipment, the main role is to automatically discharge the wafers in the basket to the upper end of the material, and in the lower end of the material and then the process of silicon wafers automatically transferred to the basket and output. Cartoning machine is used to load the flower basket in the slot fluff making process, the main function is to transfer the stacked wafers to the flower basket automatically and output.
BSF
A solar cell technology, namely Aluminum Back Surface Field (Aluminum Back Surface Field), in order to improve the efficiency of solar cells, after the p-n junction is prepared, an aluminum film is deposited on the backlit surface of the wafer to prepare a P+ layer, which is called Aluminum Back Surface Field (Aluminum Back Surface Field) cell.
PERC Solar Cell
Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact (PERC) cell, a high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cell structure. To address the shortcomings of all-aluminum backfield solar cells, which have a high carrier complex on the back surface, an AL2O3 film or SiNX is used to form a passivation layer on the back surface, and the film is opened by a laser to make the aluminum backfield in effective contact with the silicon substrate.
PERT
Passivated Emitter and Rear Totally-Diffused Cell, a high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cell structure. This cell is based on a PERC solar cell, where the back contact area is fully diffused in order to further reduce the gold half-contact resistance on the back side of the PERC cell.
TOPCON
Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) is a photovoltaic cell technology in which the back of the cell is covered with an ultra-thin silicon oxide layer with a thickness of 2nm or less, then covered with a layer of doped polycrystalline silicon or amorphous silicon, and then annealed at a high temperature to form a highly doped polycrystalline silicon (n+) back contact. This technology improves cell surface passivation and promotes majority-carrier transport, which in turn improves the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the cell, and further enhances the photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
HJT Cell Technology
Hetero-junctionwithIntrinsicThin-layer, intrinsic thin film heterojunction cell, a high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cell structure, the use of crystalline silicon substrate and amorphous silicon thin film made of hybrid solar cells, i.e., in the P-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon and N-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon and N-type silicon substrate with the addition of a layer of non-doped (intrinsic) hydrogenated amorphous silicon film. HJT cells have the advantages of low process temperature, good passivation, high open-circuit voltage, and bifacial power generation.
IBC
Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) is a technology that moves both the positive and negative metal contacts of a solar cell to the back of the cell.
HBC
Cross-finger back contact heterojunction solar cells, no electrode shielding on the front side, using a-Si∶H as the double-sided passivation layer, with the advantages of both IBC cells and SHJ (heterojunction) cells, which are able to achieve higher open-circuit voltage and higher short-circuit current, and thus achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Stacked Cells
Solar cells with different types of stacked structures.
166mm cell
Cells produced with wafer M6 (wafer length 166mm, maximum diagonal length 223mm) have an area 12.21% larger than conventional M2 (wafer length 156.75mm, maximum diagonal length 211mm), and are therefore also referred to as 166 large-size cells and 166 large-area cells.
182mm Cells
Cells produced with wafer M10 (wafer length 182mm)
210mm Cell
Cells produced using wafer M12 (wafer length 210mm, maximum diagonal length 295mm) have an area 80.5% larger than conventional M2 (wafer length 156.75mm, maximum diagonal length 211mm), and are therefore also referred to as 210mm large-size or 210mm large-area cells.
Average Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cells in Mass Production
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